Former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte appeared in person before the International Criminal Court in The Hague on Wednesday, marking his first courtroom appearance before the tribunal since he was transferred to ICC custody in March 2025.
The 81-year-old attended a status conference concerning the case brought against him over alleged crimes against humanity linked to his anti-drug campaign. Duterte did not speak during the proceedings but remained in the courtroom throughout the hearing.
Presiding Judge Joanna Korner noted that it was Duterte’s first time appearing in person before the trial chamber and told him he could leave the courtroom at any point if necessary.
The hearing focused largely on preparations for the trial, which is scheduled to begin on November 30. Judges discussed procedural matters, evidence and the need to keep the proceedings focused as the case moves forward.
Duterte’s defence team has raised concerns about his ability to participate fully in the proceedings, citing what it describes as significant memory problems and cognitive decline. ICC judges have previously considered medical assessments of Duterte and ruled that he could participate in the proceedings.
Prosecutors accuse Duterte of responsibility for crimes against humanity involving alleged killings during his years as mayor of Davao City and later as president. The prosecution has alleged that the campaign resulted in thousands of deaths, while Philippine police have reported more than 6,000 deaths in anti-drug operations.
Duterte has denied the allegations and has previously defended his anti-drug campaign, saying police were instructed to act in self-defence.
During Wednesday’s hearing, Duterte’s lead lawyer Peter Haynes also raised concerns about the volume of evidence provided by prosecutors, describing the material as difficult for the defence team to review before the scheduled trial.
Judge Korner urged both sides to focus on key evidence and witnesses to help ensure that the trial can proceed without unnecessary delays.
Following the hearing, ICC judges also ordered that Duterte remain in detention while the case proceeds. The chamber cited concerns including the possibility of flight and potential interference with witnesses or proceedings.
The latest appearance marks a significant stage in the case as the ICC prepares for the November trial. The court’s proceedings will determine the allegations against Duterte through the judicial process, while he remains presumed innocent unless proven guilty.
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